Fluid-actuated hammer



y imm@ 2 SHEETS-SHEET l Dae., 26, 1922.

. H. C. INSLEE,

FLul o AcTuATED HAMMER. F| I Eo OcT 5 1918 x1 mi] rmx v, ww

l INVENTOR.

fm ATTORNEYS.

Patented. Dec.. 26, 1922.

STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HEBER C. INSLEE, OF ROSELLE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE BABCOCK & WILLCOX COMPANY, OF BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

FLUID-ACTUATED HAMMER.

Application led October 5, 1918.

To aZZ'whom 'it may concern.'

Be it known that I, HEBER C. INsLnE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Roselle, in the county of Union and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and useful Improvement in F luid-Actuated Hammers, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming parts of this specification, in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, partially in side elevation of one form of hammer embodying my invention, and in which the piston or hammer is at the end of its o utward stroke, when the blow of the hammer is being delivered toward its work; Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the parts inthe reversing position, in which the piston or hammer is moved to its inward limit while the hammer is delivering its blows away from the work; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of one of the parts of my`device, and termed a thimble and having a key therein; Fig. 4f is an end View of the flanged end of the thimble; Fig. 5 is a view of the opposite end of the thimble showing grooves thereon; Fig. 6 is a plan view of a spring lockingwasher; Fig. 7 is a side view of washer in its extended position; Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 7 but showin the washer compressed between the thimble and a tool shank; Fig. 9 shows the attaching end of a tool, partly in section to more clearly illustrate a socket thereon; Fig. 10 is an end view of the shank showing grooves upon the bottom surface of the socket.

This invention relates to an improvement in Huid-actuated hammers of the pneumatic or elastic fluid type, in which the hammer or piston is adapted to be used to strike a blow in both directions thus giving a hammer blow for driving a tool into or against and out of orfrom the work.

I accomplish this by mounting any desired tool to a thimble in the cylinder, in such a manner that when the tool and thimble are in one position, with relation to cylinder, one end ofthe piston will act as a hammer to drive the tool lforward to the work, and when said tool is in another position with relation to the cylinder, the piston or hammer will act inthe reverse manner on the tool.

Serial No. 256,982.

The precise nature of my invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, which will now be described, it being premised, however, that various changes may be made in the details of construction of the various parts without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention as defined in the appended claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, the reference character 2 designates the shell or body of the structure which is bored out for the reception of a piston or hammer 3.

.4 designates a cylinder head for closing the end of the bore, and which is provided with a flange 4a for securing a handhold 5 in position on the cylinder. The numeral 6 designates, a spring-actuated locking device for preventing the plug from backing out of the cylinder. A pin (not shown) in end of cylinder engages in a hole in handhold to prevent its rotation with respect to the cylinder. The bore of the cylinder is provided with an annular recess 8 intermediate its ends, which is in direct communication with an inlet port 9 which extends longitudinally of the cylinder. nicatlon with a port 10 in the handhold, and which port 10 is in direct communication with a supply pipe through the medium of the throttle valve 11. This throttle valve is held in its closed position by means 'of a spring 12 as shown in Figure 1, and is arranged to be opened as in Figure 2 by a lever 13. The piston 3 is provided with ahead 14, the lower side of which is always under the supply pressure from` the supply pipe, which acts to move the piston toward the cylinder head or handhold. This piston is provided with a port 15, extending through the head and a portion of the reduced part, there being a plurality of ports 16, leading therefrom through the wall of the reduced portion. 17 is an exhaust chamber in the lower end of the cylinder 2, which is always open to the atmosphere through the port 18.-

This inlet port is in commuto which it is screwed. To prevent the vibration of the hammer loosening the tool I provide a spring lock-washer 30 having its ends turned outwardly to form projections 39 and 40 and .interpose the said washer between the en d 41'01": the thimble andthe bottom surface 42 of the socket of the tool.

Upon the end -of the socket and upon the end .surface of the thimble I provide radial grooves or channels 35 and 34 to receive the projections of the lock-washer. When the tool is screwed in position upon the thimble the elasticity or ,compression force of the means the tool is locked to the thimble against loosening from vibration but may bel readily removed at any time.

The thimble is slidably fitted upon an, eX- tension 26 of the hammeror piston. 27 and 31 are ports in the thimble and tool respectively, making communications to the outside of the hammer to permit 4air to pass into and from the 'bore in the thimble during the reciprocation ofthe hammer. The extension 26 is provided'with a slot 28, and 29 is a key member which is driven through open` ings in the walls of the thimble and which passes through the said'slot and is arranged to be engaged by the end of the slot 28 nearest the work to receive blows-away from the work.

The operation of the device is. as follows: Assuming any desired working tool is to be f used for forward action into or against any material, the cylinder is then moved to bring the tool incontact with the work, thus also moving the thimble toward the handhold, as

shown in Fig. 1, and thereby compelling the hammer 3 to strike the flange 20 provided at one end ofv the thimble and cause the tool connected to the thimble to receive. and,

transmit a rapid succession vof blows into or upon the work.l The pressure of the air' in the chamber 8 will yfirst cause the piston to move inthe direction ofthe cylinder head until the small pressure port 32 has been advanced lsuiiiciently into Comunication-with the chamber 8 slightly further than shown in Fi 2 to have pressure admitted to the, cylin er above the piston head,` to force the piston away fro-1n the cylinder head to a position slightly in ladvance of that shown yin Fig. 1, giving'an outward blow to the thimble,'as clearlyl shown in Fig. 1 At this forward position of the piston the small pressure port 32 andlarger ports 16 have been'moved into theexhaust chamber 17, as

the

larger area of the piston and causing the constant pressureto act on the annular differential area 14 on -the opposite side of the piston head to effect the return movement of the head. When the inlet port 32 has reached the constant pressure chamber 8 as shown in Fig. 2, it permits the large area of the piston to again receive high pressure while the ports 16 are closed, and the hammer will be driven inthe `opposite direction, this reciprocating action of the piston 3 with its eX- tension 26 and` slot 28 being continued until the throttle valve is closed.

In the thimble 19 holes 38 are provided to come in line with holes 37 of same size in the cylinder .at its forward end, for the urpose of inserting a pin through cylinder mto the thimble to hold the thimble against ro` tation, when attaching or replacing any desired form of working tool.

It willl be understood from the following explanation that in my device the direction of thehammer blows may be reversed, as for instance, if a caulking tool is being used and the tool becomes wedged ina seam, the reversible action of the hammer will disengage the tool. To reverse the action it is simply necessary to grip the 4device by the handhold and move -it away from the work in which the tool hasbecome wedged.

The working parts of the device then take the position as shown in Fig. 2, namely, the

cylinder or shell is pulled back 'along the thimble `until flange upon the thimble enfgageswith stop 33 within the cylinder. The .fluid pressure then causes one end of the slot (provided in the extension of the piston) to strike against'the key 29 securedto the thimble whichv isy connected to the tool, thereby driving the thimble and the tool connectedtherewith in the reverse direction,

toward the-handhold. l

- VVhe'n the' hammer is held in the hand by the handhold, the thumb is placed upon the lever 13 which,when pressed more or less from the stopped position, as shown in Fig.

1, will give more or less air pressure to thev reciprocating piston, thereby the strength and rapidity ofthe blows may be readily 'varied as desired..

Itywill be -understood'by those familiar with the artthat any' tools to lperform various work can be Aused in connection with this device, and that other types-of'pneumatic hammers might be used in connection with applicants reversing device.

The advantagesof my invention result from the provlsion of means for causing the simply holding it to or from the work.

.tool to actin either of two directions, by. ,I

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. A fluid-actuated hammer having a cylinder, a piston arranged to be reciprocated therein, and a tool arranged in permanent operative alinement with said piston arranged to be driven forward by the piston when the cylinder is in one position with relation to the tool and to drive the tool backward when the cylinder is in another position with relation thereto.

2. A pneumatic tool having a shell with a piston mounted therein, means for supplying fluid pressure to the cylinder for reciprocating the piston, a tool mounted to be actuated by the piston and arranged in permanent operative alinement therewith, said tool being so mounted that it will be advanced by the piston when the cylinder is in one position with relation thereto and retracted when in another position with relation thereto.

3. A pneumatic tool, comprising a shell having a piston mounted therein, means for supp-lying fluid pressure for reciprocating the piston, a tool slidably mounted with relation to the shell, means on said tool arranged to be struck by the piston when moved in one direction to advance the tool, and other means connected to the piston and the tool for withdrawing the tool whenw the tool is in a diiferent position with relation to the shell.

4. A pneumatic tool, having a shell with a piston therein, means for supplying pressure to the shell to reciprocate the piston, a tool slidably mounted in the shell arranged to be struck by the piston to advance the tool when the tool is in one position with relation to the shell, and connections between the piston and the tool arranged to withdraw the tool when the tool is in another position with relation to the shell.

A pneumatic tool, having a shell with a piston therein, means for supplying pressure to the cylinder to reciprocate the piston, a thimble having an Opening therethrough slidably mounted in the said cylinder, a tool connected to the end of said thimble, stops on said thimble arranged to engage a stop within the cylinder, an extension on the piston having a slot therethrough, and a` key extending through said slot and the walls of the thimble.

6. A pneumatic device having a shell with a cylindrical bore therein, a piston mounted within said bore, a stop within the said bore, means for supplying pressure to the cylinder to reciprocate the piston, a thimble slidably mounted in said bore, a tool connected to the end of said thimble, a stop on said thimble arranged to engage with the stop within' the bore, an extension on the piston having a slot therethrough, and a keyextending through said slot and the walls of the thimble.

7. A pneumatic device having. a cylinder, a piston mounted within the cylinder, a movable 'thimble arranged to be operated upon by the piston, a tool secured to the thimble and means for reciprocating the piston to deliver a succession of blows upon the thimble in either of two directions. i

8. A pneumatic device having a cylinder, a piston mounted within the cylinder, a movable thimble arranged to be operated upon by the piston, a tool secured to the thimble, a spring lock-washer arranged between the thimble and tool to keep them in locked 'relation to one another and means for reciprocating the piston to deliver a succession of 1reversible blows upon the thimble and too 9. A pneumatic device having a cylinder, a 'piston mounted within the cylinder, a movable thimble having a tool integral therewith and arranged to be operated upon by the piston, means for reciprocating the piston to deliver a succession of blows upon the tool in either direction.

10. In combination, a tool, a reciprocating member, means independent of said member whereby a pressure may be applied to said tool in either of two directions, and means for delivering a blow from said member to said tool in the same direction as that in which the pressure is applied.

11. In combination, a tool, a reciprocating member, means independent of said member whereby a pressure may be applied to said tool in either of two directions, and means for delivering a succession of blows from said member to said tool in the same direction as that in which the pressure is applied.

12. In combination, a tool, a reciprocable member under the control of the operator, and means independent of said member for delivering a succession of blows from said member. to said tool in either direction in accordance with the direction in which said reciprocable;member has been moved by the operator and while the tool and member are maintained in substantial alinement.

13. In combination, a reciprocating member, a tool having an extension attached thereto and forming a telescopic engagement with said member, and connections for deliveringa blow from said member to said tool in either of two directions.

14. In combination, a reciprocating member, a thimble forming a telesoopicgengagement with said member, a tool secured to said thimble, and connections for delivering a blowfrom said member to said thimble in either of two directions. l

15. In a device of the character described, a cylinder, a tool associated therewith, means whereby the operator may apply pressure from the cylinder to the tool in either of two directions, and means comprising a piston within the cylinder for delivering a blow from'the piston tothe tool in the direction iii-which said pressure is applied by the operator.

16. n a device of the character described, a cylinder, a'tool associated therewith, means whereby the operator may apply pressure from the cylinder to the tool in either of two directions, and means comprising a piston Within the cylinder for delivering a succes- 1,44o,os2 

